# MILITARIZED ARCHITECTURES /// The Tunnels of Cu Chi by Tom Mangold & John Penycate

Mangold Tom and Penycate John, The Tunnels of Cu Chi. New York: Random House, 1985

The Tunnels of Cu Chi is a book written by Tom Mangold & John Penycate in 1985 focusing on a specific aspect of the Vietnam war which lead the U.S. Army to loose it. The technological and human asymmetry was nevertheless striking but such subterranean complexes allowed the Viet Cong to organize a strong resistance against the invading army. The ability for the earth to change its solidity characteristics was fundamental in the elaboration of a physical mean of defense:

The soil of Cu Chi is a mixture of sand and earth. During the rainy season it is soft like sugar, during the dry season as hard as rock. […] Such soil could stand the weight of a tank.

The U.S. Army volunteers who were exploring the discovered tunnels were named Rats. This name is not innocent as, for their psychological and physical survival they had to develop what Gilles Deleuze  and Felix Guattari called Becoming Animal. When reading from a witness of these operations, one might even talk of a becoming matter as the bodies needed to embrace their own material composition in relationship to the material environment:

I was just an animal – we were all animals, we were dogs, we were snakes, we were dirt.

More to come about these tunnels (involving Sartre, Negarestani and Kobo Abe) once my essay about the landscapes of resistance will be published…

Mangold Tom and Penycate John, The Tunnels of Cu Chi. New York: Random House, 1985

Mangold Tom and Penycate John, The Tunnels of Cu Chi. New York: Random House, 1985

Mangold Tom and Penycate John, The Tunnels of Cu Chi. New York: Random House, 1985