Monthly Archives: October 2011

# DELEUZE /// Call for Papers / Intensities and Lines of Flight: Deleuze, Guattari and the Arts

First of all, I would like to apologize for not having being able to write on daily basis during these last days, I will try to make it work this week.

The Centre for Advanced Research in European Philosophy, King’s University College, along with the McIntosh Gallery at the University of Western Ontario are calling for papers for a conference from May 4th to 6th 2012. The latter is trying to approach the influence that Philosophers Gilles Deleuze & Felix Guattari had had and still have on arts and design.
I am sure that some of my readers would be interested to submit an abstract before December 15th in order to potentially be able to present a paper or a performance at this conference, Intensities and Lines of Flight: Deleuze, Guattari and the Arts.

See more about it by following this link.

# EXHIBITIONS /// Ecologias Correlativas at 319 Scholes Gallery (NYC)

Still from the film about Slime molds by Dan Baker

Ecologias Correlativas is a small ongoing (until Saturday 29th October) exhibition at the 319 Scholes Gallery in New York. It is audaciously curated by Emma Chammah & Greg Barton who attribute the foundations of this exhibition to the short text written by Felix Guattari in 1989 under the name The Three Ecologies.  In this text, F.Guattari develops his concept of ecosophy, an ethico-aesthetics that prophetically refuses the ways capitalism is able to co-opt ecology and that establishes three scales of action for another ecology: social relations, human subjectivity and environmental.

The gallery/garage itself is a good example of such an attempt of escaping capitalist logics and so are the heterogeneous work exhibited. Three items (by Fluxxlab, Dr. Manos Tentzeris & Living Environment Lab) propose Do It Yourself strategies of energy harvesting, the L.E. Lab’s one being charismatic as it allows to collect and store energy as a parasite, on cars’ lights, gutters and escalators (see the video). The way those objects influence my imaginary is directly linked to the constraints that I can currently observe in Liberty Square, especially at the very beginning of the Occupy Wall Street movement when we needed to find ways to bring electricity on site. Those parasite harvesters and other DIY apparatuses do not allow us to stand outside of the system, but rather to reduce our participation and dependency to it if not sometimes even hijacking it. This attitude is seconded by the interviews realized by Ecosistema Urbano who asked David Harvey (see previous articles 1 & 2) and Santiago Cirugeda (see previous articles 1 & 2) their similar position towards ecology.
I was also happy to see the presence of the Transborder Immigrant Tool created by EDT2.0/B.A.N.G. Lab to be active on Mexican clandestines’s phones when they cross the border. This tool is a small GPS that prevent a dreadful draft in the desert as well as indicating water spots.

Continue reading

# PHOTOGRAPHY /// Michael Oliveri’s Nanolandscapes

Michael Oliveri is a pretty unique photographer. The subject of his photographs are in fact nanolandscapes that he creates via metal oxide fumes and powders. The microscopic vision that his camera allows provide a different interpretation of the world in which scales although they seem to evolve in parallel, actually interact with each other, all being part of a complete immanent machine allowing no externality.

Continue reading

# LIBERTY SQUARE /// The Tremendous Power of Space

I clearly won’t reinvent the wheel with this article but I thought that I should share a strong architectural experience I encountered last Saturday. The working group at Occupy Wall Street I am part of, Architecture and Empowerment, and more specifically The Nomadic University (more on that very soon !) was invited to the New School as we would be provided with a classroom for us. The President of the New School, David E. Van Zandt seems indeed to be tremendously supporting the movement and wanted to be able to help one way or another (a full day of teach-in was organized on Saturday).

Nonetheless this generosity, a lot of people in the group including myself experienced the violent power of architecture as rarely before. It would seem pretty obvious to anybody that having ideas as a group of people in public space does not happen in the way than in a classroom. However, experiencing it is another thing: I have been writing a lot about the hurtful inherent characteristics of architecture’s physicality but I very rarely felt it that violently. We usually gather in the public space visible on the picture above, in a sort of open atrium often crossed over by pedestrians and the fact of having a working group meeting in that space is fundamentally expressing the openness and the generosity of the Occupy Wall Street movement. On the other hand, being in a class room on the 6th floor of an academic institution put us back in a very well known situation of a secretive detention of knowledge doubtless and closed on itself. Architecture changes the way we think and act. Walls have ears…and we certainly feel this way when we are in a closed environment. Self-censorship occurs and we find ourselves embarrassed to waggle our fingers as a sign of approval as we do on Liberty Square…

Liberty Square and its “cousins” around the world are places of production of knowledge. Not an academic one that can be peremptorily declared as correct or incorrect, but rather the formation of a collective knowledge which joins a theoretical background with a continuous experience of the real. The space in which such an alchemy occurs is never innocent and the issue might be that those who understands that the best are the ones who produce the spaces of alienation like the classroom or the prison.

# GUEST WRITERS ESSAYS 13 /// A Visit to The Old City of Hebron by Raja Shehadeh

Hebron’s Old Market street /// Photo credits

Since last summer, Raja Shehadeh is a regular guest and friend of the Funambulist. After the conversation that he was kind enough to have with me in his house in Ramallah and the review I did of his last book 2037, he is back on this platform as one of the weekly guest writers.
Raja is a Palestinian lawyer that has spent a very important part of his life fighting against unlawful expropriation of Palestinian land by the State of Israel within the West Bank and East Jerusalem. He wrote several books including Occupier’s Law, Palestinian walks and A Rift in Time that mix two literary genres, the autobiography and the documentary essay in a very interesting way. His now famous walks in Ramallah’s hills are a form of non-violent civil disobedience that claims the right of movement on his nation’s land. For this essay, he chose to write about the place that made me the worst comfortable of my whole life (see the short previous article I wrote right after visiting it): Hebron and its superimposition of Palestinian and Israeli colonial urban layers that triggers a daily friction that often reaches an unbearable level of violence. Just like in some districts in East Jerusalem, this friction is three dimensional: as the ground floor and the streets can be inhabited by the Palestinians but the upper levels of the same buildings as well as the elevated connective circulation paths are forcefully occupied by Israeli settlers. Although this violence brings us very easily to a state of emotion that drives us to extreme sadness and anger, Raja maintains his interpretation of the reality in the spectrum of the Law.

A Visit to The Old City of Hebron
by Raja Shehadeh

Continue reading

# INDUSTRIAL DESIGN /// Life Saving Design: Mine Sweeper by Massoud Hassani

 Pedro from La Periferia Domestica was kind enough to draw my attention to this very interesting piece of design invented by Afghan designer Massoud Hassani. Called the Mine Sweeper, this sphere is conceived to move autonomously thanks to the wind -in a similar way than Theo Jansen’s Strandbeests- and explode the  anti-personal land mines disseminated on a given terrain. The sphere is also equipped with a GPS sensor (see last picture below) that provides an output of the paths that have been cleared from the mines.

This sphere is a good assumed example of what I have been calling “weaponized design” for the last two years. The narrative carried by the Mine Sweeper has a violence within it, it triggers the mines explosion and probably suffers a bit more at each encounters. As every autonomous objects, it does not take much to imagine them as living being. This one traces safe trajectories that redefine the practice of a landscape, sacrificing itself as a fearless scout within a dangerous territory.

On the contrary of a lot of pieces of design proposing an interesting narrative (and as a designer I plead guilty just as much), this one is actually taking the means of its ambitions and is being tested with the Dutch army right now. There are still 270 millions of anti-personal land mines disseminated in the world and they keep injuring or killing people regularly (mostly in Angola, Cambodia and Afghanistan).

Continue reading

# LIBERTY SQUARE /// The Spatial Issues at Stake with Occupy Wall Street: Considering the Privately Owned Public Spaces

Occupy Wall Street Working Group about Education in a nearby other Privately Owned Public Space (60 Wall Street) / October 18th

As it was pointed out in various articles, the mother-ship of Occupy Wall Street in New York addresses a very interesting spatial issue which, despite its specificity to NYC, opens the doors to a broader urban problem about public space. In fact, Liberty Square’s legal status is known to be a Privately Owned Public Space resulting from a 1961 deal between the City of New York and private corporations who wanted to transgress the urban code by building higher towers: In exchange of a significant area of public space on their parcel, corporations and private owners would be authorized to build their towers higher. However, this little zone of public space was not meant to be given to the city so those private actors remained the owners and controllers of this area. They therefore maintained the right to authorize or forbid activities from taking place or people from passing though those spaces.

Under an appearance of openness, privately owned public spaces are in fact extremely selective of their public. Employees working in the towers are of course welcome; those open spaces are part of a post-modern biopolitical capitalism that appears as taking good care of its subjects. People who spend money on those sites in order to buy coffee, hot dogs, or newspapers are also targeted for this type of public spaces. Others are regarded as unwelcome even suspect, and can be asked to leave in case of a “subversive” activity such as playing with a ball, taking pictures, or picnicking.

Both corporations and governments are satisfied with those public spaces. Corporations are able to build taller skyscrapers, provide open space for their employees, and develop commercial activities while governments see their public space being maintained by private actors and any potential space of gathering being controlled and supervised…until now.
The Occupiers of Wall Street therefore reclaimed a territory which should have been simply declared as public rather than let in an ambiguity that favors their owners.

Continue reading

# GUEST WRITERS ESSAYS 12 /// Motion Architecture: Breakfast in a Scramjet’s Combustion Chamber by Oliviu Lugojan-Ghenciu

Natures 3B by Quayola

This week’s writer for the guest writers essays series is Oliviu Lugojan-Ghenciu who just graduated from the Architectural Association and wanted to share with us his take on Architecture and Motion. Oliviu starts his essay, Motion Architecture: Breakfast in a Scramjet’s Combustion Chamber with an analysis of how animation are too often considered by architects as a mere additional tool of representation when it could actually be considered as a catalyst to the design. He experimented himself this process by mixing narrative and trajectories for his beautiful thesis project  gravityONE (tutored by Liam Young and Kate Davis) that I published few months ago.

Further of these first observations, Oliviu concludes his text by addressing the fact that the notion of home nowadays is somehow a pleonasm and he proposes a new interpretation of it:

Home became a motion pattern, driven by the rhythm of our existence. The sailor gets seasick when he steps ashore just as we get seasick when on a boat. Travel too far and suffer from jetlag. We are conditioned by the rhythm of our life.

Motion Architecture: Breakfast in a Scramjet’s Combustion Chamber
by Oliviu Lugojan-Ghenciu

Continue reading

# LIBERTY SQUARE /// Why we should stop calling Occupy Wall Street a Protest

Liberty Square on October 14th 2011

Since its beginning, the movement Occupy Wall Street has been called by many names but one comes back often enough to be analyzed here: protest. Of course, one can legitimately argue that terminology is nothing compared to action and that while some people are looking for words, other are directly acting. This is definitely accurate, nevertheless, this movement has been characterized so far by a great sense of self-awareness in order to maintain a strict non-hierarchical organization and it is therefore probably worth it to wonder which terminology to use to fathom what this movement is about.

Protest, not only seems pretty weak as a reaction, but is clearly missing a point. Protest is often legible on the various signs that are spread all around Liberty Square and expresses a real anger towards a system which cannot be called democracy per say. This is therefore what would emerge from a very shallow reading of the movement, the same that is reported by the Press which, subjected to the pressure of time and money, does not spend enough time on site to understand. What is happening there is not fundamentally anchored in the negativity of a criticism for what surrounds us but rather in the positivity of a construction of a collective alternative.
The General Assembly, held every day, is a good and visible example of such construction but its slowness due to the amount of people present and the mean of communication used (see previous article about the Human-Mic) makes it more a tool of communication for everyone as much as a instance of approval for every proposition submitted to it. At a different scale, the numerous working groups that are born from the movement and gather regularly to participate actively to this construction are tremendously important.

Continue reading

# CINEMA /// Processes of Counter Hylomorphism in the film Magnetic Void by James Miller

I recently “ran into” (via Manifest Decay) the very short film Magnetic Void (see below) by James Miller which shows a reconstruction of the British United Shoe Machinery Company building in Leicester by running its actual destruction backwards. The result is very aesthetic and we could stop the description here and let the images talk for themselves (like they often do!).

However, watching this short film forcing myself to forget that this is just the result of a “trick” which consisted in going backwards rather than forwards, and rather accepting (somehow naively) what I was looking at for what it was. It got me to think of this film as a representation of an architecture that is constructed in a counter-hylomorphism. Hylomorphism (in ancient Greek, Matter + Form) is an Aristotle’s concept that was re-defined centuries later by Gilles Deleuze & Felix Guattari (see the quote below) in a materialist and political reading. To keep it simple, hylomorphism is the process for which a body/object has a form that is constraint by the means of its production. The example of the brick is helpful, especially here as the concerned building is built in bricks: a brick is a body of matter whose shape has been transcendentally determined by its mold.
A whole building is almost always submitted to this same process of hylomorphism, its form reveals the constraints it was submitted to during its production, both physically during its actual construction and conceptually during its phase of design.

Continue reading

# DELEUZE /// Foucault and the Society of Control

The Trial by Orson Welles (adapted from Franz Kafka’s novel) 1962

The structuralist descriptions established by Michel Foucault about discipline are thought to be well known, especially by architects for who the book has been simplified with images that they can understand. The architectual paradigm of the panopticon (see previous essay) is quoted everywhere and became indissoluble from Foucault’s work despite its very large extents. What most people did not understand is that the panopticon as it has been thought by Jeremy Bentham is interpreted by Foucault as the paradigm of a society of discipline which does not apply anymore to the current organizational scheme of the Western world.
In the following text, Gilles Deleuze, his friend -and admirer-, summarizes the current paradigm as interpreted by Foucault as a society of control. His short essay, which is more developed in his book dedicated about Foucault’s work, insists on this shift from discipline to control. He uses The Trial (see previous essay) by Franz Kafka as a perfect example of this change of paradigm. In fact, Kafka introduced the choice to his charged character K between an apparent acquittal (between two incarcerations), symbol of the discipline, and limitless postponements that are proper to the society of control. As Deleuze puts it:

In the disciplinary societies one was always starting again (from school to the barracks, from the barracks to the factory), while in the societies of control one is never finished with anything–the corporation, the educational system, the armed services being metastable states coexisting in one and the same modulation, like a universal system of deformation.

Continue reading

# LIBERTY SQUARE /// “This is what Democracy looks like” is not just a mere Slogan

Liberty Square on October 9th 2011

It’s been more than three weeks now that Wall Street is occupied and the amount of participants keeps increasing everyday. Now that the Press cannot ignore anymore the movement, criticisms and mockeries -usually done with a clenched smile which reveals much about their authors- are coming by hundreds. The main excuse for criticism that seems to emerge from this sea of contempt consists in the fact that the movement did not have  yet came up with any consistent demand. This observation is symptomatic of a deep misunderstanding from some people (including long timer leftists) for this movement: There is no demands for the good reason that there is nobody to address those demands to. The very principle of this movement consists in the recognition for no leader, nor even for any form of representation of a collective power. Any demands would only enclose the movement to a system it refuses at its base.

For the last three weeks, hundreds of New Yorkers (and from elsewhere) have experienced and demonstrated what a system of direct democracy looks like. They did it without asking the authorization to anyone and gained their legitimacy to do so retroactively  by salvaging an absolute openness and strict leaderness to this occupation. “This is what democracy looks like” is not just a mere slogan, this is a manifesto of what is happening right now. What comes next, detached of the thread of the present has no importance, only the continuous effort to make this movement lives according to its collective principles is.
This process is a beautiful thing to assist at and participate to. Each person comes to Liberty Square with a set of skills that (s)he can, teach, communicate about and, more importantly, apply in a the most direct way. The following film, Right Here All Over directed by Alex Mallis & Lilly Henderson is a beautiful ode to this spirit in which everybody has something useful to bring in.

Continue reading

# CINEMA /// La Jetée by Chris Marker as a Ciné-Roman Book

I already wrote a more developed article about the 29 minute masterpiece, La Jetée, less than a year ago; nevertheless, I wanted to point out the existence of a very beautiful book that proposes an alternate (or complementary) mean of exploring the powerful universe created by Chris Marker. This book is designed by Bruce Mau, edited by the very valuable Zone Books (see previous articles about The Power of Inclusive Exclusion and Rituals of War) and distributed by the MIT Press.

Since La Jetée is a film composed exclusively (almost !) of photographs and an off voice reading the narrative, not only it fits perfectly with this format of a book that Chris Marker decided to call a Ciné-Roman (roman in French means novel), but the pages allows to associate several photographs together (see above) that compose another way to read images that constitute the movie.

The following link is Zone Book’s page about this book.

Continue reading

# LIBERTY SQUARE /// Mic-Check: Human Transmission Technology on Liberty Square

Liberty Square on October 4th 2011 / Photograph by Léopold Lambert

What really matters in revolts and revolutions is what their gestation time produce in terms of inventions. To the main criticisms brought by the (old) left about the Occupy Wall Street movement, claiming that this spontaneous organization leads to nowhere in terms of agenda and expectations, I re-affirm that they are missing what needs to be looked at. The end is not important, only the continuous production of desire that we can observe those days is, and each day spent on Liberty Square is a victory over a dehumanized system (I’d like to say here that I can see the cliche in the expression “dehumanized system”, however I would like to invite everybody to think carefully about it and see how this system is working on its own inertia).

Creativity is the materialization of such of production of desire and each invention needs to be acknowledged as the movement’s achievement. The one I would like to write about in this article is characteristics of the Occupy Wall Street Movement, and whoever went on Liberty Square knows it. To be honest, I am not so sure that it is, per say, an invention of this movement, and I am already expecting some more knowledgeable readers to tell me about it, but what I call here Mic-Check can definitely be considered as an immanent implementation of democratic apparatuses.

Continue reading

# MILITARIZED ARCHITECTURES /// Urban Insurgencies: Algiers’s Labyrinthine Casbah vs New York’s Weaponized Grid Plan

It has been now three weeks that the occupation of Liberty Square in Wall Street New York started and after two weekends of confrontation with the New York Police Department, a small reflection on weaponized urban design seems appropriate. The massive arrests (about seven hundreds) of indignants by the NYPD on the Brooklyn Bridge this Saturday 1st October consecrated the highly controllable characteristic of Manhattan’s grid plans (which obviously includes its bridges). In fact, it was fairly easy for the Police to allow the demonstrators crowd to engage onto the Brooklyn Bridge and then stop them in the center of it in order to arrest them one by one.
The situation of Liberty Square itself is not really that much more defensible for the occupiers who is continuously surrounded by the NYPD without any form of possible retreat nor protection in case of a potential assault. This situation is almost applicable to the ensemble of Manhattan that offers an absolute control to the dominant force of an asymmetric conflict.

On the contrary, a form of urbanism that has been effectively active in the history of revolts, revolutions and wars of independence is embodied by the traditional north African city, the Medina in Tunis or more expressively the Casbah in Algiers. In fact, from 1954 to 1962, the resistance against the French colonizers nurtured within this old labyrinthine district of the Algerian capital city. The easiest witnesses to gather here to illustrate such a relationship between urban guerrilla and the Casbah’s  physicality consists in two movies, Pépé le Moko by Julien Duvivier (1937 almost twenty years before the beginning of the Algerian War of Independence) and the very powerful The Battle of Algiers by Gillo Pontecorvo (1966, four years after the Algerian Independence and forbidden in France until 1971). The latter, indeed, shows how the resistance is facilitated by the rhizome of a multitude of narrow curvilinear streets and stairs added to an additional layer of connecting roofs in a very dense urban fabric. On the contrary, the French paratroopers in charge of the suppression, are often lost and every now and then fall into a trap by insurgents who are still in complete skill, material and human minority compared to the organized institutional army. Eventually the Lieutenant-Colonel Mathieu, in charge of the operation, will manage to suppress the rebellion almost to the end (Algiers rebellion will be replaced by a provincial resistance that would eventually lead to the independence) by adapting the heavy army into a more “swarming” counter-guerrilla force.

Continue reading

# GUEST WRITERS ESSAYS 11 /// Pet Architecture: Human’s Best Friend by Carla Leitão

‘Animal’ character from The Muppetshow. Director Jim Henson.

The Guest Essays series is back every Monday and today is the turn of Carla Leitão, co-founder with Ed Keller of aum Studio, professor at Pratt Institute, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and writer of a monthly architectural chronic for the Huffington Post. The introductory picture as much as the title of her essay, Pet Architecture: Human’s Best Friend might surprise more than one reader; however her discourse along with several science-fiction narratives is speculative of the future of the living and by extension of design.

Let’s start with the notion of pet that Carla chose as subject of her essay. In fact, as archaic as it is, we tend to miss what this notion really implies, a transgenerational biological modification of animals triggered by humans in order to use the living output for their purposes. For example, I often wonder how we managed to “transform” a wolf into an Upper East Side yorksher!
Carla, following, to some extents, the path of Catherine Ingraham‘s research that she quotes in her text, therefore undertakes to associate the notions of living and design in a materialist interpretation of the world. As Edouard Glissant puts it, “Rien n’est vrai, tout est vivant” (Nothing is true, all is living/alive), indeed everything can be seen as part of the living, continuously engaged in relations, composing and decomposing bodies. The following essay concludes with one page of the graphic novel Animal’z by Enki Bilal that, in few words, magnificently expresses this materialist vision of the living and I can’t help to translate it here:

I confirm.
Seawater’s salt burns everything on its way.
It penetrates and paralyzes all tissues and organs from everywhere, including the brain.

In fact, Carla finishes her text by offering a glimpse at what could be the philosophical concept of the leash. The leash is indeed the paradigmatic symbol of the pet, sign of the human power in a contract rarely signed by both parties as she points out. The leash is what prevents humans to fully takes its place in the realms of the living, and one can speculate on a future in which this contract between humans and animals/living/architecture could belong more to the domain of Leopold Van Sacher Masoch and his creative agreements rather than the powerful domination introduced in the work of le Marquis de Sade.
Another vision would consist in affirming that the human species is doomed and that, as Clifford Simak imagines, in a far future, dogs will recounts and invent myths of a ancient time, a strange animal was dominating the living…

Pet Architecture: Human’s Best Friend
by Carla Leitão

Characters like Animal from the Muppet show [a creation by Jim Henson] are often  illustrations through which we can talk about the quality of the wild, the feral and the natural, by contrast to that which is artificial or built, man-made. This article, however, would like to focus on the chain.

Continue reading

# ARCHIPELAGOS 00 /// The Funambulist soon to launch ARCHIPELAGOS, a Platform of Desinstitutionalized Knowledge

« Ces noms que j’habite s’organisent en archipels. Ils hésitent aux bords de je ne sais quelle densité, qui est peut-être une cassure, ils rusent avec n’importe quelle interpellation, qu’ils débordent infiniment, ils dérivent et se rencontrent sans que j’y pense ».

Édouard Glissant, Traité du Tout-Monde

In about a month from now, the Funambulist will launch an additional platform of reflection, transmission and discussion of knowledge entitled ARCHIPELAGOS. This platform will consist -at least as a first step- in a series of regular events in the same spirit than the one developed on this blog. As an example, the first event of ARCHIPELAGOS will be a short essay reading by four architects about four literature authors followed by a discussion between them and whoever who will compose the audience.

The goal of those events is to propose a free, convivial and desinstitutionalized sessions of sharing knowledge and interpretations on subjects that exit architecture yet keeps it as filigree within the discourse. Ideally the space of these events should change for every session in order to avoid a form of reinstitutionnalization. I will be therefore interested to know if some people potentially interested by those events own or know a space on which we could host one of each of those sessions.

Continue reading